Vocabulary is one of the few skills the GL Assessment 11+ tests across two of the three papers, both the English paper and the Verbal Reasoning paper, and synonym (closest-meaning) questions are the most common vocabulary type of all, an estimated 30 to 35% of vocabulary marks. That makes a strong, wide vocabulary one of the highest-yield things a child can build, because it lifts scores on two papers at once. These weightings are our research estimates from analysing GL papers and tutor resources, not figures GL publishes.
This page is about what words mean: finding the closest synonym, the opposite (antonym), the best word to fill a sentence, and the meaning of a word as it is used in a passage. That makes it different from our grammar page, which tests how words fit together correctly, and from our word class page, which tests naming the job a word does. In the English paper, vocabulary appears inside the comprehension section (for example "which word is closest in meaning to X as used in line Y?") and in gap-fill questions; in Verbal Reasoning it appears as closest-meaning, opposite-meaning and double-meaning questions. Every question on PrepStep uses the standard five options (A to E), matching the real exam format.
The reassuring part for parents is that vocabulary grows steadily with the right habits. Wide reading, learning words in families (prefixes, suffixes and roots), and practising the specific GL traps (like picking a word merely associated with the answer rather than its true synonym) turn vocabulary from a worry into a quiet, reliable strength.
Vocabulary questions are always multiple-choice, five options (A to E). GL does not publish exact weightings, so the order below is our informed estimate, and the categories overlap (one question can test more than one skill). In rough order of frequency:
Difficulty runs from common, everyday words (D1) through Year 5 and Year 6 curriculum vocabulary that needs nuance (D2, for example reluctant versus unable) up to sophisticated words, polysemy traps and fine distinctions between near-synonyms (D3, for example benevolent, ominous, understate versus undermine). The hardest questions often reward knowledge of Latin and Greek roots.
The GL Assessment 11+ English paper tests six connected skills. Comprehension, worth around half the marks, checks understanding of a passage. Vocabulary tests what words mean. Grammar tests whether words are used correctly, and word classes tests naming a word's job. Spelling and punctuation are error-spotting checks on technical accuracy.
| Question type | What it tests | What it looks like | The classic mix-up |
|---|---|---|---|
| VocabularyThis page | What words actually mean: matching synonyms and antonyms, and choosing the word whose meaning fits a sentence. | A word to match by meaning, either from the passage or in a standalone sentence with five options, such as: "reluctant most nearly means ___". | Children name the word's class or judge its grammar, when the question only asks what it means. |
| Comprehension | Reading one passage, then answering mixed questions that check retrieval, inference, vocabulary in context and the author's language. | A passage of around 500 words followed by questions you answer only from the text, such as: "How does the writer suggest the old house is unwelcoming?" | Children answer from outside knowledge or hunt for a spelling or punctuation slip, treating it as an error-spotting task. |
| Grammar | Whether words are used correctly: verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, connectives and homophones chosen by meaning in context. | A gap-fill sentence where you pick the single grammatically correct word from five options, such as: "By Friday she ___ finished the whole book." | Children scan for a punctuation or spelling error, or just name the word's class, instead of testing correct use. |
| Word Classes | Naming the job a word does in a sentence: is it a noun, verb, adjective, adverb or preposition? | A word taken from the passage, with five word-class labels as options, such as: "What part of speech is 'swiftly' in this line?" | Children explain what the word means, as in a vocabulary question, instead of labelling the job it is doing. |
| Spelling | Spotting a misspelt word by careful proof-reading, or confirming a tricky-looking sentence is correctly spelt. | A sentence split into four labelled sections plus "No mistake", where you pick the section with the spelling error, such as: "They recieved the parcel." | Children look for a punctuation error instead, because punctuation uses the identical four-section "No mistake" format. |
| Punctuation | Spotting a punctuation error by proof-reading: apostrophes, commas, speech marks and sentence punctuation, or confirming there is none. | The same four-section "No mistake" format as spelling, but you pick the section with a punctuation error, such as: "The dog wagged it's tail." | Because the format matches spelling, children scan for a misspelt word instead of a misplaced mark. |
If you are given a whole passage, it is comprehension; a single sentence with a gap to fill is grammar or vocabulary; a sentence split into four sections is spelling or punctuation; and a single word to label is word classes.
Five questions drawn from PrepStep’s vocabulary bank, spanning Foundation to Challenging. Tap “Show worked explanation” to see the full method after you’ve had a go. The correct answer is highlighted on each question so you can check immediately.
Which word is closest in meaning to 'immense'?
'Immense' means extremely large or vast. 'Enormous' is the closest synonym. Other words with a similar meaning include huge, vast, and colossal. Try using this word in a sentence today to make it stick. ✓
Which word is closest in meaning to 'weary'?
'Weary' means very tired or exhausted. If you've been running around all day and can barely keep your eyes open, you're weary! Reading widely helps you learn words like this naturally. ✓
What does the word 'reluctant' mean?
'Reluctant' means unwilling or hesitant. If you are reluctant to do something, you don't really want to do it. For example: 'She was reluctant to leave the party.' Look for prefixes and suffixes you recognise in unfamiliar words. ✓
What does the word 'ominous' mean?
'Ominous' means threatening or suggesting that something bad is going to happen. For example: 'Dark, ominous clouds gathered overhead.' Think about when you'd use this word versus its synonym. ✓
In the sentence 'The judge's verdict was unanimous,' what does 'unanimous' mean?
'Unanimous' means that everyone involved is in complete agreement. A unanimous verdict means all the judges or jury members agreed on the same decision. Building a strong vocabulary is one of the best exam skills. ✓
Common mistake 1 of 4
Picking a word that is merely associated, not a synonym.
Tip: This is the classic GL vocabulary trap. For "monarch", a child grabs "crown" (associated) instead of "ruler" (the true synonym). Teach the test: a synonym should be able to replace the word in a sentence and keep the same meaning. "Crown" cannot.
Common mistake 2 of 4
Ignoring the context with multiple-meaning words.
Tip: Words like "bark", "bank" and "light" have more than one meaning, and GL chooses the less obvious one. Always read the surrounding sentence before deciding which meaning is in play, rather than reaching for the most familiar one.
Common mistake 3 of 4
Getting the strength of a word wrong.
Tip: "Annoyed", "cross" and "furious" all relate to anger, but they differ in degree. GL exploits this gradient. Encourage your child to match the intensity, not just the general feeling, so "furious" pairs with "enraged", not "irritated".
Common mistake 4 of 4
Settling for "close enough" instead of the best fit.
Tip: GL often lists two options that both seem to work, and only one is the most precise. Tell your child to check every option before committing, because the answer is the closest match, not simply a reasonable one.
Every PrepStep 11+ question is original, written to mirror the style and difficulty of the GL Assessment 11+ and grounded in a library of real past-paper patterns, with a worked explanation for each one. PrepStep is built by Ben Jackson, its founder and a parent who has taken one child through the 11+ with another preparing now. Last reviewed: August 2026.
GL tests synonyms (closest meaning), antonyms (opposite meaning), words in context, sentence gap-fill, double meanings, and recognising figurative language. Synonyms are the most common type. Vocabulary appears in both the English paper (inside comprehension and gap-fill) and the Verbal Reasoning paper, always in multiple-choice form with five options (A to E).
Wide reading is the single most powerful tool, especially classic and contemporary fiction at or slightly above your child's reading age. Alongside that, learn words in families using common prefixes, suffixes and Latin and Greek roots, and keep a notebook of new words met in reading. Regular short practice on synonym and antonym questions then turns recognition into exam speed.
The underlying knowledge is the same, but the presentation differs. In English, vocabulary is usually tied to a passage ("which word is closest in meaning to X as used here?"), so context does much of the work. In Verbal Reasoning it is more often standalone (closest-meaning and opposite-meaning groups), testing whether the child simply knows the word. Practising both formats covers all of it.
Very. It is one of the few skills tested across two of the three papers, and synonym questions alone are an estimated 30 to 35% of vocabulary marks. A strong vocabulary also speeds up comprehension, because a child who recognises difficult words reads passages faster and with more understanding, so the benefit reaches well beyond the obvious vocabulary questions.
Usually they have fallen for an associated word rather than a true synonym (picking "crown" for "monarch" instead of "ruler"), or they have grabbed the most familiar meaning of a word that has two. The fix is the substitution test: a correct synonym can replace the word in the sentence without changing the meaning. Reading every option before answering also catches the "close enough" trap.
Comprehension is about understanding: your child reads a passage of around 500 words and answers questions on its meaning, worth roughly half the English marks. The SPaG parts (spelling, punctuation and grammar) test technical accuracy instead. Spelling and punctuation use an error-spotting format, four sections plus "No mistake", while grammar is usually a gap-fill where your child picks the correct word. Comprehension asks what a text means; SPaG asks whether it is written correctly.
Explore the other GL Assessment english topics, each with free sample questions and worked explanations.
PrepStep has 509 vocabulary questions in GL Assessment format: five options, instant feedback, and step-by-step explanations. Free to start.
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